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How to prepare and write an essay?The quality of any essay depends on three interrelated components, such as:
the raw material that will be used (read literature notes, lectures, recording the results of discussions own views and experiences on this issue);
the quality of treatment available starting material (his organization, reasoning and arguments);
argument (how well it correlates with their problems in the essay)
The process of writing an essay can be divided into several stages:
thinking - planning - writing - check - Edit.
Planning - a particular purpose, main ideas, sources of information, deadlines and submission of work.
The goal is to determine the action. Ideas, like goals, can be specific and general, more abstract. Thoughts, feelings, opinions and ideas can be expressed in the form of analogies, associations, assumptions, reasoning, judgment, reasoning, arguments, etc.
Analogy - identifying ideas and the creation of ideas, communication elements values.
Association - a reflection of the relationship of objects and phenomena of reality in the form of regular connection between neuro - psychic phenomena (in response to a particular stimulus to give a verbal "first come to mind" response).
Assumptions - approval is not confirmed by any evidence.
Reasoning - formulation and proof of opinions.
Argumentation - a series of interconnected propositions that are expressed in order to convince the reader (listener) allegiance to (the truth of) the thesis point of view position.
Judgment - a phrase or sentence, for which it makes sense to question: true or false?
Arguments - justify that conclusion is correct or completely with any degree of probability. As the arguments used by the facts, references to authorities, obviously true propositions (laws, axioms, etc.), the evidence (direct, indirect, "on the contrary", "process of elimination"), etc.
List, which will result in the transfer of ideas and help you determine which of them need special argument. Sources. The theme of the essay will tell you where to look for the right material. Typically, use the library, Internet resources, dictionaries, reference books. Revision means editing text with a focus on quality and efficiency. The quality of the text consists of four main components: clarity of thought, intelligibility, literacy and correctness.
Thought - the content is written. It is necessary to clearly articulate ideas that you want to express, otherwise you will not be able to convey these ideas and information to others.
Intelligibility - is the availability of text for understanding. It can be most easily achieved by using logical and consistent carefully chosen words, phrases and interrelated paragraphs, and details.
Literacy reflects compliance with grammar and spelling. If something in doubt, look at the tutorial Consult a dictionary or style manual or give read written by a man whose writing style you like.
Correctness - a style of writing. Style define the genre, structure, operation, objectives, set by the writer, the reader, to which he refers.
Evaluation of essays
Criteria for assessing the essay can be transformed according to their particular form, with the general requirements for the quality of the essay can be evaluated on the following criteria:
criterion
Requirements for student
The maximum number of points
Knowledge and understanding of the theoretical material.
- Defines these concepts clearly and completely, resulting in relevant examples;
- Concepts used strictly correspond to the topic;
- Doing the work yourself.
2 points
Analysis and evaluation of information
- Correctly apply the categories of analysis;
- Skillfully uses the methods of comparison and generalization to analyze the relationship of concepts and phenomena;
- Able to explain alternative views on the matter under consideration and to come to a balanced conclusion;
- The range used information space (student uses a large number of different sources of information);
- Reasonably interprets text information using charts and graphs;
- Gives a personal assessment of the problem;
4 points
Construction of judgments
- Clarity and clarity of presentation;
- Structuring logic evidence
- Theses put forward arguments are accompanied by a competent;
- Are different points of view and their personal assessment.
- The general form of presentation of the results and their interpretation corresponds to the genre of the problem of a scientific article.
3 points
Making work
- The work meets the basic requirements for registration and use of quotations;
- Compliance with lexical, phraseological, grammatical and stylistic norms of the Russian literary language;
- Formatted text in full compliance with the rules of Russian orthography and punctuation;
- Compliance with the formal requirements.
1 point
The maximum number of points a student can get - 10.
examples of essays
First essay, "Russian era of Peter I: traditional or command economy"
In considering this subject in the first place it makes sense to bring the definitions of traditional and command economic system.
Traditional economic system - a way of organizing economic life, in which land and capital are in common ownership, and limited resources are distributed in accordance with long-term traditions.
Command-economic system is a way of organizing economic life, in which capital and land owned by the state, and the allocation of scarce resources are directed by the central government and in accordance with the plan.
If we take into account that the real economic life of society, even in the historical past, most often a mixture of elements of different economic systems, it is possible to wonder - what features of the economic system prevailed in the Petrine era?
Agriculture in Russia XVIII century was based on the traditional system; peasants were attached to the land that was owned or communities, or secular or spiritual lords - the nobility, the boyars, monasteries, royal family. The peasants were serving "serfdom" working in the fields of their masters, and performing other work levied dues cash or in kind. Lesson some small-scale production or fishing was typical of farmers in the autumn and winter months, free from field work. Buy essay online in Oregon
Petty commodity production and trades occupy a dominant position in the Russian economy and largely retains the features of the traditional economy.
Industries that time existed in two forms: as a craft, small-scale peasant production and as manufactories, which were inherent features as command and market economies (although to a greater extent, of course, a command). In the Petrine era, in addition to the state, according to a government decree created numerous so-called "ukaznoy" enterprise owners who provides different privileges and benefits, so characteristic of the command system. Preserved elements of traditional systems - the practice of registration to the manufactories of townships and villages. Peasants instead of paying taxes had to perform a variety of work in the factories.
To protect the interests of domestic producers from European rivals and maintain industry Peter 1 spent protectionist policies, introducing high or prohibitive import duties.
And finally, Peter 1 is widely used command methods in the management of public finances and the tax system in Russia. The main object of his concerns have always been the army and navy, on the contents of which were spent huge amounts of money. To meet these challenges, the king enjoyed purely command methods: introduced more new taxes and duties, engaged in minting money to accelerate fundraising abolished the previously existing central financial institution. For each province it is directly pinned content of certain regiments, which ultimately led to corruption and financial chaos. Realizing this, Peter 1 in an order taking new reform: creating new government structures to implement measures for the development of industry and commerce. These were some steps towards the development of a market economy.
So we see that the economic life of Russia of Peter the period were inherent features of different economic systems, but the foundation is the command economic system.
All of our lives - the competition. From an early age we meet with this notion, and it accompanies us always, often define our solutions. Competition - a competition for the right to receive a larger share of a certain kind of economic resources or wealth. Is the basis of competition - a rarity resources and benefits?
Suppose that is played by two teams who compete with each other for the cup. In this case, the cup - a rarity.
Two radio stations competing for audience, as the audience, in this case - a rarity. Two companies produce paper. They compete for cash buyers. One more paper quality and cheap, so the company uses more rational production and human resources. And she wins in pursuit of another rarity - the choice of the consumer.
Competition forces us to be more rational, intelligent, to get the only thing to which we aspire and to aspire to more.
Competition has beneficial effects on our lives. The producers have an incentive to make the product better than others, using scarce resources, and the buyers always striving to satisfy their unlimited needs using limited economic benefits.
Third essay: "The problems of the family in a market economy"
(problematic essay)
With the country's transition from a planned to a market economy has undergone tremendous changes. These changes have affected not only the state's economy, but the micro economy, touched each of us. But since most of our citizens live in families that market relations are reflected in the family economy, because it is like a mirror reflecting all the processes occurring at the national level. Whereas previously each person, each family as a social unit had the right to work, the right to housing, and so on. E., Now all these rights the state can no longer be guaranteed. Market relations, on the one hand, lead to the differentiation of society, and so the individual households, but, on the other hand the same relationship given more opportunities for fulfillment.
If we consider the current situation of young families, it is not difficult to see that the "starting" position of young families became different, for example, not all young families have enough sources of income for their livelihood. Whereas previously the main source of family income was wages of its members, it is now gradually to the fore beginning to emerge, and other sources such as property (for example, obtained by inheritance) or various types of securities that generate some interest. The difference in the initial "kick-off" capital enables families to start a life in more favorable conditions. Of course, the "starter" capital is far from everything, because even with the huge initial income, the family is not immune from the financial turmoil. Much like before, will depend on education, the ability to work on the talent and abilities of family members, and this in turn will affect the level of wages. Not least important is the number of working family members. An important factor that affects the level of prosperity, and the world is his application of labor and capital; whether it is a private business, can be a family, whether it is a public service. In that regard, the market economy provides a much wider field of activity, giving the opportunity to supplement the family budget is not only due to wages.
But to properly imagine the situation of the family in a market economy, there is little to consider the sources of its income. Let's talk about the costs of the family, by the way, and here the number of members of the family plays an important role. Buy essay online If we look at the basic family expenses, they can be divided into groups: food, clothing, housing, transportation and training. Probably it would be better to say that the ratio of these costs depends on the age factor, for example, young families will be more significant costs associated with education, compared with older families. But there is a general trend in the distribution of the costs of Russian families: it is a significant part of the funds allocated to food (40%). In recent years, increased and costs associated with payment of the home.
Of course we can not speak about the family as a unit of the average, since market conditions small part family owns a significant share of the national product, and vice versa. The difference between rich and poor families has become more apparent. But the state is trying to step in and reverse the process. On the one hand, introduce all kinds of taxes (income tax, property tax, land tax), and on the other hand, the state provides targeted support for the poorest families in the form of various subsidies. But here, you need to fear extremes because "all share" will still fail.
So, the family in a market economy is facing the same difficulties as individuals, and crises experienced by the economy as a whole, ultimately reflected in a single family, as the state's economy is inextricably linked to the economy of the family. But at the same time, a sign of prosperity of the country is the position of the families of "middle class" and, unfortunately, after the default remains not so much. Above this is worth considering!
Genre essay suggests freedom of creativity. Buy essay online in Oregon All its charm is that it can be written on any subject and in any style, ie about anything and in any way, because the essay - it is your thinking about what he heard, read, review. In the foreground, the essay - the identity of the author, his thoughts, feelings, attitudes toward the world. This is the main installation works. However, we must remember that despite the creative freedom to write in the genre of the essay not easy, since it is necessary to find an original idea (even in the traditional material), custom look to any problem. What is the genre of the essay as a literary work? Essay (French essai "attempt, sample essay") - prose works a small volume and free composition, expressing individual experiences and views on a specific issue or problem and certainly not intended to be exhaustive answer. This new, subjectively colored word about anything that has a philosophical, historical, biographical, journalistic, literary criticism, popular scientific or fictional character.
Style essay is different: aphoristic paradoxical imagery to transfer personal perception, perception of the world the author of the essay draws numerous examples of parallels picks analogy uses all sorts of associations. For essays characterized by the use of numerous means of artistic expression: metaphor and parable allegorical character image comparison essay will look richer and more interesting if it contains: unpredictable conclusions of interesting twists and turns the clutch on the voice constructing an essay - a dynamic alternation polemical statements, questions, installing the colloquial intonation and vocabulary. The specifics of the genre essay title essay is not directly dependent on the theme: other than reflecting the content of the work, he can be a starting point for the reflections of the author, to express the ratio of part and whole. Free essay composition is subject to their own internal logic, and the basic idea of the essay should be sought in the "motley lace" the author's thinking. In this case, the problem raised will be discussed from different perspectives. If the essay on a literary theme should prevail rational combination of analysis of art with their own arguments in the essay - pronounced author's position. If a traditional essay welcome individual features of style and language of the author works, the essay individual author's style - a requirement of the genre. If you want to say something different, new, non-standard, the genre of the essay - this is your genre.
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